我們普查了 336 條 OONI Run v2 清單，3 條就佔了全網 72% 的檢測量¶

OONI Run v2 使用樣態普查

全世界的 OONI Run v2 累積跑出 1,417 萬筆檢測，其中 3 條清單就佔了 72%。佔比最高的幾條清單用了同一種作法，每條只針對一個特定的審查或封鎖現象，再用一個持續運行的測量後端定期執行、長期累積資料。我們對全部 Run v2 做了一次普查，量出集中的程度，也整理出這套作法對想做在地連線觀測的社群有什麼參考價值。

OONI（Open Observatory of Network Interference，開放網路干擾觀測站）是一個全球的網路審查觀測專案，它的手機 app OONI Probe 會去連一份網站清單，回報每個網站在當地連不連得上。OONI Run v2 則讓任何人都能自己編一份想觀測的網站清單、產生一條連結，別人用 OONI Probe 點開連結就能照這份清單測一輪，結果一律進到 OONI 的公開資料集。這個功能不必寫程式就能定義自己的觀測目標，但知道、用過的人並不多，這也是我們想盤點它實際被怎麼使用的原因。

我們做了什麼普查¶

我們以 2026-06-01 為快照，盤點了 OONI Run v2 上全部存活的 336 條檢測連結，逐條用 OONI 的 aggregation API¹ 取得每條檢測連結的生涯檢測量，再依清單主題分群。下面的數字都以這個快照為準，資料來源與前提整理在文末。

母體有多大：337 條，兩年¶

OONI Run v2 從 2024-04-24 第一條檢測連結上線到現在約 26 個月，全世界總共只建立過 337 條檢測連結（其中 1 條已被刪除，現存 336 條）。建立數在 2024 年 10 到 12 月衝高，之後穩定在每月 10 到 19 條之間。157 個不重複作者參與，332 條走網路連線測試（Web Connectivity），幾乎清一色在測網站可達性。

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對一個全球性的審查觀測工具來說，兩年 337 條是個不大的數字。只看建立數，很容易得到「Run v2 沒什麼人用」的結論，下一段的使用量資料會推翻它。

使用量極度集中：吉尼係數 0.981¶

把 336 條檢測連結的生涯檢測量加起來是 14,171,627 筆。總量不算少，問題在分佈極不平均。以檢測量計算的吉尼係數（Gini coefficient）是 0.981，幾乎逼近完全不均的 1.0。

為什麼用吉尼係數

吉尼係數原本用來衡量所得分配的不平均，數值介於 0 到 1，把整個分佈的集中程度濃縮成一個數字。0 代表完全平均，每條檢測連結跑出一樣多的檢測。1 代表完全集中，所有檢測都來自同一條檢測連結。

用在這裡很合適，因為每條檢測連結的檢測量都是非負的數量，要回答的問題剛好是全網檢測量有多集中在少數檢測連結上。吉尼係數在數學上等於羅倫茲曲線（Lorenz curve）與對角線之間的面積（再除以對角線下方的總面積），所以下面那張羅倫茲曲線越貼著底邊，吉尼係數就越接近 1。0.981 代表分佈已經很接近「少數檢測連結吃下幾乎全部檢測」的極端。

單一數字看不出是哪幾條檢測連結、長尾長什麼樣，所以這裡同時附上羅倫茲曲線與分級分佈兩張圖，把集中的形狀也攤出來。

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羅倫茲曲線幾乎貼著底邊走，到最後一段才垂直拉起。檢測量最少的 90% 檢測連結加起來只佔全網的 0.93%，最少的 99% 也只佔 20.45%。排在最前面的 4 條檢測連結就吃下約 79.5%，單單第一名（DW 的 Global media，編號 10006）佔 46.5%。

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長尾的另一頭，336 條檢測連結裡有 112 條（33%）生涯檢測量是 0，建好後幾乎沒被跑過。有 193 條（57%）不到 100 筆，整體中位數只有 27 筆。多數 Run v2 檢測連結被建出來、跑幾次就停下。

資料集中在哪些使用情境¶

上一段的集中只描述了分佈的形狀，還沒說明資料實際落在哪些用途上。把檢測連結按清單主題分群後，觀測最密集的幾群呈現出一個共通的使用方式。

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德國之聲（DW）用 3 條清單長期監測國際媒體在各地的可達性，吃下 72.4%。西班牙的 conexionsegura 用 13 條清單觀測 LaLiga 足球聯盟發動的盜版封鎖，佔 10.8%。委內瑞拉的 vesinfiltro 用 4 條清單追蹤當地的封鎖，佔 6.5%。再加上烏拉圭 UCU 研究團隊與一個長期測泰國政府網站的觀測者。觀測最密集的幾群共同點很清楚，每條清單針對一個明確的審查或封鎖現象，再配一個持續運行的測量後端，日復一日盯著它。被低估的用法就是如此。

把檢測量前 15 名的檢測連結列出來，同一種樣態看得更具體。

檢測連結 id	生涯檢測量	清單大小	建立日	作者	清單名稱
`10006`	6,589,070	223	2024-07-03	dw.com	Global media
`10005`	3,093,765	91	2024-06-13	dw.com	Selected (inter)national media
`10236`	856,036	167	2026-05-14	conexionsegura	La Liga bloqueos.es
`10158`	734,627	4635	2025-04-03	ucu (UY)	lista global final
`10004`	582,480	15	2024-12-11	dw.com	Trusted International Media
`10154`	418,978	131	2025-03-26	vesinfiltro	MagisTV y FlujoTV
`10135`	344,268	819	2025-04-16	conexionsegura	Test Bloqueos LaLiga
`10153`	259,331	102	2025-03-24	vesinfiltro	PriorityList
`10143`	210,078	134	2025-03-05	vesinfiltro	VSF News y otros
`10298`	133,991	72	2026-05-04	泰國觀測者	Test Thai gov websites
`10226`	118,509	170	2025-09-15	conexionsegura	Bloqueos LaLiga - Dominios
`10235`	109,276	293	2025-09-20	conexionsegura	VE media http+https check
`10214`	105,439	67	2025-10-04	泰國觀測者	Test Thai gov websites
`10114`	102,096	256	2026-05-05	jiyul.org	revi
`10118`	56,541	3044	2025-03-26	ucu (UY)	LISTA GLOBAL

長期觀測靠的是持續運行的後端，清單大小幾乎無關¶

一個直覺的猜測是，清單收越多網站、跑出來的資料就越多。資料不支持這個猜測。把每條檢測連結的清單大小（input 數）對生涯檢測量畫成散點圖，兩者幾乎沒有關係。

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兩個極端的對照最清楚。UCU 的編號 10158 清單塞了 4,635 個 input（全網最大），生涯 734,627 筆。DW 的編號 10004 只有 15 個 input，卻有 582,480 筆。清單堆得再大，沒有持續運行的後端去跑，檢測量一樣趨近 0，等於沒在觀測。真正讓觀測累積下來的是有沒有一個每天把清單跑起來的測量基礎設施，收多少網站反而是其次。

anoni.net 的座標：社群自己就是一組對照實驗¶

anoni.net 社群先後建了兩條 Run v2 檢測連結，剛好示範前面提到的兩種樣態，兩條都攤開，不只挑表現好的那條。

第一條編號 10238，建於 2025-09-15，收了 7 個 input（anoni.net 與 im、matrix、form、pad、search、cinny 等自家服務），生涯只跑了 14 筆。它落在「建了沒持續跑」的多數人那一類。第二條編號 10328，建於 2026-05-15，清單擴成 10 個 input，這次配上自營節點持續跑。半個月就累積 4,659 筆，在 336 條檢測連結裡排到第 39 名，進到前 12%。

同一個社群、同一份 anoni.net 自家服務清單雛形，兩條檢測連結的差別只在有沒有持續運行的後端。另一面同樣不迴避，10328 佔全網比重仍然趨近 0%。在如此長尾的分佈裡，光是持續跑半個月就贏過 297 條檢測連結，可見「持續運行」這個門檻被多數人錯過。從 10238 到 10328，就是社群自己跨過門檻的紀錄。

對社群與 OONI 的意義¶

對想做在地連線觀測的社群，普查結果指出一個明確方向。Run v2 的價值來自「一份針對特定現象的策展清單，加上一個持續運行的測量後端」，兩者缺一就會掉進長尾。多開幾條檢測連結本身不會帶來資料。

同一套模式可以套用在很多題目上。文章前面的 DW、conexionsegura、vesinfiltro，分別是國際媒體可達性、體育盜版封鎖、在地封鎖三種已經在運轉的例子。想開始的人可以從幾個方向發想。

選舉觀察：從選前到選後，持續追蹤新聞媒體、候選人與選務機關網站在特定地區的可達性，把投票期間的封鎖或干擾記錄下來，給選舉觀察員與研究者一份可佐證的時間序列。
重大事件即時觀測：抗議、罷工、災害或斷網期間，持續測獨立媒體、即時通訊服務（Signal、Telegram）與求助資訊網站，第一時間看出哪些被擋、什麼時候被擋。
特定族群與議題：LGBTQ+、宗教少數、女性權益、人權組織這類在某些地區容易被封鎖的網站，做長期縱貫觀測，累積可被研究引用的證據。
規避工具可用性：追蹤 VPN、Tor、橋接與其他 circumvention 工具的官網與下載點，在某地是否還連得上、何時開始被擋，對協助當地人維持連線的團體特別實用。
跨境媒體與離散社群：離散社群依賴的境外媒體（對正體中文使用者例如 RFA、端傳媒），觀測它們在不同 ASN 的可達性差異與長期變化。
平台級封鎖事件：某個 app 或服務在某國突然被擋時，快速建一條清單跨 ASN 觀測，量出封鎖的範圍與起訖時間，把單一事件變成可分析的資料。

挑一個你最關心的題目，列出十來個相關網站，再讓一個節點每天跑，幾週後就有自己的可達性時間序列可以分析。對 OONI 與做資料分析的夥伴，aggregation API 支援用 ooni_run_link_id 篩選，針對 Run v2 生態本身做 meta 分析因此變得可行，本篇報告即依此產出。 anoni.net 社群把這套做法整理在 issue #78 的測量模式提案裡，徵詢仍然開放，歡迎社群與 OONI 團隊一起討論。

issue #78 的測量模式提案摘要

issue #78 提出一套 civic-internet-watch 測量模式，把系統拆成兩層。

名單治理：社群自己維護一份公民團體網站名單，single source of truth 放在社群的 git repo，收錄標準、徵詢狀態與敏感分級都由社群依在地脈絡決定，git 歷史本身就是清單治理紀錄。
測量與資料：用標準網路連線測試方法，從名單產生一條 OONI Run v2 連結來檢測。志工手機與自營節點消費同一條連結、帶同一個 Run Link ID，結果全部進 OONI 公開資料集，可用 OONI API 與 Explorer 查詢、研究員可引用，沒有資料鎖定。

名單治理不去更動共享的 Citizen Lab tw.csv，避免反覆改動造成長期測量時間序列斷層。tw.csv 從必要路徑降為可選的 additive 回饋，成熟非敏感的組織才以只新增的方式回饋換取全平台基線，敏感組織只留在社群自管名單與 Run v2，不進公開的 PR。

資料與前提¶

本篇數據以 2026-06-01 為快照，逐條取自 OONI 公開的 aggregation API¹（以 ooni_run_link_id 篩選）。檢測量會隨時間繼續累積，之後重查會得到略高的數字，集中的形狀則穩定。解讀前有幾個前提要先說明。

檢測量來自 aggregation API 的 measurement_count，是 2026-06-01 當下的查詢結果，之後還會繼續長。
生涯查詢涵蓋 2024-01-01 到 2026-06-30，跨過 Run v2 的整段歷史。
檢測量為 0 的檢測連結可能是測試或草稿用途，不全等於「失敗」。
一條檢測連結可以被任何國家的 probe 跑，使用情境分群按清單主題推斷，不是 OONI 的官方標註。
完整揭露：社群自己的兩條檢測連結（10238、10328）都列進分析與討論，沒有只挑表現好的 10328。