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我们普查了 336 条 OONI Run v2 清单，3 条就占了全网 72% 的检测量

OONI Run v2 使用样态普查

全世界的 OONI Run v2 累积跑出 1,417 万笔检测，其中 3 条清单就占了 72%。占比最高的几条清单用了同一种作法，每条只针对一个特定的审查或封锁现象，再用一个持续运行的测量后端定期运行、长期累积数据。我们对全部 Run v2 做了一次普查，量出集中的程度，也整理出这套作法对想做本地连接观测的社区有什么参考价值。

OONI（Open Observatory of Network Interference，开放网络干扰观测站）是一个全球的网络审查观测项目，它的手机 app OONI Probe 会去连一份网站清单，回报每个网站在当地连不连得上。OONI Run v2 则让任何人都能自己编一份想观测的网站清单、产生一条链接，别人用 OONI Probe 点开链接就能照这份清单测一轮，结果一律进到 OONI 的公开数据集。这个功能不必写程序就能定义自己的观测目标，但知道、用过的人并不多，这也是我们想盘点它实际被怎么使用的原因。

我们做了什么普查

我们以 2026-06-01 为快照，盘点了 OONI Run v2 上全部存活的 336 条检测链接，逐条用 OONI 的 aggregation API1 取得每条检测链接的生涯检测量，再依清单主题分群。下面的数字都以这个快照为准，数据源与前提整理在文末。

母体有多大：337 条，两年

OONI Run v2 从 2024-04-24 第一条检测链接上线到现在约 26 个月，全世界总共只创建过 337 条检测链接（其中 1 条已被删除，现存 336 条）。创建数在 2024 年 10 到 12 月冲高，之后稳定在每月 10 到 19 条之间。157 个不重复作者参与，332 条走网络连接测试（Web Connectivity），几乎清一色在测网站可达性。

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对一个全球性的审查观测工具来说，两年 337 条是个不大的数字。只看创建数，很容易得到「Run v2 没什么人用」的结论，下一段的使用量数据会推翻它。

使用量极度集中：基尼系数 0.981

把 336 条检测链接的生涯检测量加起来是 14,171,627 笔。总量不算少，问题在分布极不平均。以检测量计算的基尼系数（Gini coefficient）是 0.981，几乎逼近完全不均的 1.0。

为什么用基尼系数

基尼系数原本用来衡量所得分配的不平均，数值介于 0 到 1，把整个分布的集中程度浓缩成一个数字。0 代表完全平均，每条检测链接跑出一样多的检测。1 代表完全集中，所有检测都来自同一条检测链接。

用在这里很合适，因为每条检测链接的检测量都是非负的数量，要回答的问题刚好是全网检测量有多集中在少数检测链接上。基尼系数在数学上等于洛伦兹曲线（Lorenz curve）与对角线之间的面积（再除以对角线下方的总面积），所以下面那张洛伦兹曲线越贴着底边，基尼系数就越接近 1。0.981 代表分布已经很接近「少数检测链接吃下几乎全部检测」的极端。

单一数字看不出是哪几条检测链接、长尾长什么样，所以这里同时附上洛伦兹曲线与分级分布两张图，把集中的形状也摊出来。

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洛伦兹曲线几乎贴着底边走，到最后一段才垂直拉起。检测量最少的 90% 检测链接加起来只占全网的 0.93%，最少的 99% 也只占 20.45%。排在最前面的 4 条检测链接就吃下约 79.5%，单单第一名（DW 的 Global media，编号 10006）占 46.5%。

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长尾的另一头，336 条检测链接里有 112 条（33%）生涯检测量是 0，建好后几乎没被跑过。有 193 条（57%）不到 100 笔，整体中位数只有 27 笔。多数 Run v2 检测链接被建出来、跑几次就停下。

数据集中在哪些使用情境

上一段的集中只描述了分布的形状，还没说明数据实际落在哪些用途上。把检测链接按清单主题分群后，观测最密集的几群呈现出一个共通的使用方式。

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德国之声（DW）用 3 条清单长期监测国际媒体在各地的可达性，吃下 72.4%。西班牙的 conexionsegura 用 13 条清单观测 LaLiga 足球联盟发动的盗版封锁，占 10.8%。委内瑞拉的 vesinfiltro 用 4 条清单追踪当地的封锁，占 6.5%。再加上乌拉圭 UCU 研究团队与一个长期测泰国政府网站的观测者。观测最密集的几群共同点很清楚，每条清单针对一个明确的审查或封锁现象，再配一个持续运行的测量后端，日复一日盯着它。被低估的用法就是如此。

把检测量前 15 名的检测链接列出来，同一种样态看得更具体。

检测链接 id 生涯检测量 清单大小 创建日 作者 清单名称
10006 6,589,070 223 2024-07-03 dw.com Global media
10005 3,093,765 91 2024-06-13 dw.com Selected (inter)national media
10236 856,036 167 2026-05-14 conexionsegura La Liga bloqueos.es
10158 734,627 4635 2025-04-03 ucu (UY) lista global final
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长期观测靠的是持续运行的后端，清单大小几乎无关

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两个极端的对照最清楚。UCU 的编号 10158 清单塞了 4,635 个 input（全网最大），生涯 734,627 笔。DW 的编号 10004 只有 15 个 input，却有 582,480 笔。清单堆得再大，没有持续运行的后端去跑，检测量一样趋近 0，等于没在观测。真正让观测累积下来的是有没有一个每天把清单跑起来的测量基础设施，收多少网站反而是其次。

anoni.net 的座标：社区自己就是一组对照实验

anoni.net 社区先后建了两条 Run v2 检测链接，刚好示范前面提到的两种样态，两条都摊开，不只挑表现好的那条。

第一条编号 10238，建于 2025-09-15，收了 7 个 input（anoni.net 与 im、matrix、form、pad、search、cinny 等自家服务），生涯只跑了 14 笔。它落在「建了没持续跑」的多数人那一类。 第二条编号 10328，建于 2026-05-15，清单扩成 10 个 input，这次配上自营节点持续跑。半个月就累积 4,659 笔，在 336 条检测链接里排到第 39 名，进到前 12%。

同一个社区、同一份 anoni.net 自家服务清单雏形，两条检测链接的差别只在有没有持续运行的后端。另一面同样不回避，10328 占全网比重仍然趋近 0%。在如此长尾的分布里，光是持续跑半个月就赢过 297 条检测链接，可见「持续运行」这个门槛被多数人错过。从 10238 到 10328，就是社区自己跨过门槛的纪录。

对社区与 OONI 的意义

对想做本地连接观测的社区，普查结果指出一个明确方向。Run v2 的价值来自「一份针对特定现象的策展清单，加上一个持续运行的测量后端」，两者缺一就会掉进长尾。多开几条检测链接本身不会带来数据。

同一套模式可以套用在很多题目上。文章前面的 DW、conexionsegura、vesinfiltro，分别是国际媒体可达性、体育盗版封锁、本地封锁三种已经在运转的例子。想开始的人可以从几个方向发想。

  • 选举观察：从选前到选后，持续追踪新闻媒体、候选人与选务机关网站在特定地区的可达性，把投票期间的封锁或干扰记录下来，给选举观察员与研究者一份可佐证的时间串行。
  • 重大事件实时观测：抗议、罢工、灾害或断网期间，持续测独立媒体、实时通信服务（Signal、Telegram）与求助信息网站，第一时间看出哪些被挡、什么时候被挡。
  • 特定族群与议题：LGBTQ+、宗教少数、女性权益、人权组织这类在某些地区容易被封锁的网站，做长期纵贯观测，累积可被研究引用的证据。
  • 规避工具可用性：追踪 VPN、Tor、桥接与其他 circumvention 工具的官网与下载点，在某地是否还连得上、何时开始被挡，对协助当地人维持连接的团体特别实用。
  • 跨境媒体与离散社区：离散社区依赖的境外媒体（中文读者熟悉的例如 RFA、端传媒），观测它们在不同 ASN 的可达性差异与长期变化。
  • 平台级封锁事件：某个 app 或服务在某国突然被挡时，快速建一条清单跨 ASN 观测，量出封锁的范围与起讫时间，把单一事件变成可分析的数据。

挑一个你最关心的题目，列出十来个相关网站，再让一个节点每天跑，几周后就有自己的可达性时间串行可以分析。 对 OONI 与做数据分析的伙伴，aggregation API 支持用 ooni_run_link_id 筛选，针对 Run v2 生态本身做 meta 分析因此变得可行，本篇报告即依此产出。 anoni.net 社区把这套做法整理在 issue #78 的测量模式提案里，征询仍然开放，欢迎社区与 OONI 团队一起讨论。

issue #78 的测量模式提案摘要

issue #78 提出一套 civic-internet-watch 测量模式，把系统拆成两层。

  • 名单治理：社区自己维护一份公民团体网站名单，single source of truth 放在社区的 git repo，收录标准、征询状态与敏感分级都由社区依本地脉络决定，git 历史本身就是清单治理纪录。
  • 测量与数据：用标准网络连接测试方法，从名单产生一条 OONI Run v2 链接来检测。志工手机与自营节点消费同一条链接、带同一个 Run Link ID，结果全部进 OONI 公开数据集，可用 OONI API 与 Explorer 查找、研究员可引用，没有数据锁定。

名单治理不去更动共享的 Citizen Lab tw.csv，避免反复改动造成长期测量时间串行断层。tw.csv 从必要路径降为可选的 additive 回馈，成熟非敏感的组织才以只添加的方式回馈换取全平台基线，敏感组织只留在社区自管名单与 Run v2，不进公开的 PR。

数据与前提

本篇数据以 2026-06-01 为快照，逐条取自 OONI 公开的 aggregation API1（以 ooni_run_link_id 筛选）。检测量会随时间继续累积，之后重查会得到略高的数字，集中的形状则稳定。解读前有几个前提要先说明。

  • 检测量来自 aggregation API 的 measurement_count，是 2026-06-01 当下的查找结果，之后还会继续长。
  • 生涯查找涵盖 2024-01-01 到 2026-06-30，跨过 Run v2 的整段历史。
  • 检测量为 0 的检测链接可能是测试或草稿用途，不全等于「失败」。
  • 一条检测链接可以被任何国家的 probe 跑，使用情境分群按清单主题推断，不是 OONI 的官方标注。
  • 完整揭露：社区自己的两条检测链接（10238、10328）都列进分析与讨论，没有只挑表现好的 10328。

相关阅读

  1. OONI API（aggregation 端点） - OONI ↩↩